Which term is used for a reduction process that simplifies complex spatial data?

The term used for a reduction process that simplifies complex spatial data is generalization. Generalization involves abstracting and summarizing the details of spatial data to make it more manageable and easier to analyze. This process is crucial in cartography and geographic information systems (GIS), as it helps in creating clearer representations of geographical phenomena without overwhelming the user with excessive detail.

In context, generalization reduces the complexity of spatial features while retaining essential characteristics that are relevant for a particular application. For instance, when mapping a city, one might generalize the detailed street network to broader zones that still accurately convey the city's layout.

Understanding generalization is vital for spatial analysts and cartographers, as it allows them to communicate information effectively while ensuring that the resulting data remains meaningful and useful for decision-making and interpretation.