Which method allows for the measurement of elevation over large areas using gravity?

The method that allows for the measurement of elevation over large areas using gravity is barometric leveling. This technique relies on the principle that atmospheric pressure decreases with an increase in elevation. By measuring the barometric pressure at different locations, one can infer the relative elevation change between those points.

Barometric leveling is particularly useful for covering large areas since it provides a means to determine elevations without the need for extensive ground control points that traditional leveling methods require. It's often used in terrain where it may be impractical or impossible to perform detailed measurements, such as mountainous or remote areas.

The advantage of barometric leveling lies in its ability to quickly provide elevation data across vast landscapes, making it a valuable tool in geodetic engineering studies that involve large-scale topography or hydrology assessments.