What is the primary application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in geodesy?

The primary application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in geodesy is centered around capturing and analyzing spatial data. GIS allows geodesists to manage, manipulate, and interpret geographic information, which is essential for a variety of purposes in geodesy, including surveying, mapping, and managing geospatial data.

This technology enhances the ability to visualize and analyze spatial relationships, patterns, and trends in geodetic data. It plays a critical role in tasks such as determining land boundaries, studying terrain, and assessing the impacts of changes in the environment on geospatial data. The ability to layer different types of data within a GIS framework enables professionals to make more informed decisions based on comprehensive spatial analyses.

The other options focus on more specific applications or limit the functionality of GIS. For instance, mapping only natural resources is too narrow and does not encompass the broad capabilities of GIS in managing various types of spatial data. The assertion that GIS is only used for urban planning overlooks its wide-ranging utility in areas like environmental monitoring, disaster management, and transportation. Lastly, while creating 3D models of infrastructure is a valid application, it is just one aspect of what GIS can achieve and does not define its primary role in geodesy.