What are the two primary divisions of geodesy?

The two primary divisions of geodesy are indeed physical geodesy and geometric geodesy, making the correct choice A.

Physical geodesy focuses on the Earth's shape, gravity field, and how they vary across the surface. It deals with the physical properties of the Earth and their implications for mapping and understanding the Earth's gravitational influences on satellite orbits and sea level, thus providing essential data for applications like GPS technology and Earth observation.

On the other hand, geometric geodesy is primarily concerned with the measurement of distances, angles, and coordinates to define and represent the Earth's surface geometrically. This branch includes the study and application of triangulation, trilateration, and leveling to create accurate maps and understand spatial relationships on the Earth's surface.

These two divisions encompass the fundamental aspects of geodesy, where physical geodesy addresses the underlying physical phenomena, while geometric geodesy provides the geometric framework necessary for practical applications.