Differentiate between first-order and second-order leveling.

First-order leveling is characterized by its high precision and is typically used for establishing geodetic networks. This type of leveling involves strict standards for accuracy and error allowances, making it suitable for applications where precise elevation data is critical. Examples include national surveys, geodetic control, and any work that requires rigorous precision.

In contrast, second-order leveling is less precise than first-order leveling. It's often employed for local surveys where the ultimate accuracy is not as critical. This type is applied in projects that do not require the same level of exactness, such as construction surveys or local infrastructure projects.

Understanding this distinction is vital for geodetic engineers when planning surveys and ensuring that the appropriate methods and standards are applied to achieve the necessary data accuracy.